What are the requirements for pursuing PhD abroad?

I’m interested in pursuing a Ph.D. abroad. Could you please provide an overview of the typical application process, including key requirements such as standardized tests, research proposals, and letters of recommendation?

Also, I’d like to know the significance of a published Master’s thesis in the Ph.D. admissions process – is it a common requirement or a strong advantage?

Can you specify your subject in which you want to pursue PhD?